The Definition Of A Socratic Seminar
If correctly prepared for, a Socratic seminar can be a powerful catalyst for social learning. Many teachers we know have remarked that individual and collective insights and experiences from Socratic seminars are the moments that most impact students, the moments…
10 Of The Best TEDTalks On Improving Education
1. Brian Johnson: How to teach ‘for’ students, not ‘at’ them Big Idea: Educators should prioritize student engagement by teaching for students, fostering active participation rather than passive reception. In his talk, Brian Johnson emphasizes the importance of shifting from…
50 Ideas For Simple STEM Activities For Kids – TeachThought
by TeachThought Staff The activities below are designed to be simple, flexible, and fun, making them perfect for learners of all ages, whether you’re a parent, teacher, or an independent learner. Because this is a single post/article post (and not…
21 Smart Games For Game-Based Learning
by TeachThought Staff There is a difference between gamification and game-based learning, and this post focuses on the latter. Essentially, game-based learning means to learn through games. Learn what and how–and through what games–is the less straight-forward part. There is…
Shifting Focus From Ideas To The Effects Of Those Ideas
by Terry Heick It’s not the thinking behind an idea that should bother us, but rather the effect of the idea. #edtech. Content-based academic standards. PLCs. Video streaming. Use of data. Mandates to be research-based in our behavior. Remote teaching….
12 General Critical Thinking Questions About Voting And Government – TeachThought
by Terry Heick Note: This has been updates from a 2018 version Just a quick post that’s self-explanatory enough: It’s almost #ElectionDay! Some questions for student critical thinking: What is the relationship between voting and democracy? How does critical thinking…
A Conversion Chart For Reading Level Measurement Tools
A Conversion Chart For Reading Level Measurement Tools by TeachThought Staff If you’ve used AR (Accelerated Reader) as a reading motivation tool to set goals and track progress, you’re undoubtedly aware of its ability to assess general reading levels as…
How To Be As Interesting As A Video Game
On Student Engagement: How To Be As Interesting As A Video Game Terry Heick Agreeing on how to best establish what a learner understands isn’t simple — if for no other reason then understanding itself isn’t simple. The difference between…
126 Digital Learning Verbs Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy – TeachThought
by TeachThought Staff At TeachThought, we’re interested supporters of any learning taxonomy. (We even created our own, the TeachThought Learning Taxonomy.) Learning taxonomies help us think about how learning happens, highlighting that there are many ways to frame thinking. Bloom’s Digital…
A Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy For Evaluating Digital Tasks
by TeachThought Staff At TeachThought, we’ve described Bloom’s Taxonomy as “a hierarchical ordering of cognitive skills that can, among countless other uses, help teachers teach and students learn.” Whether you’re designing instruction, evaluating an assessment, or observing a classroom, Bloom’s remains…
100+ Bloom’s Taxonomy Verbs For Critical Thinking
by TeachThought Staff Bloom’s Taxonomy’s verbs–also known as power verbs or thinking verbs–are extraordinarily powerful instructional planning tools. In fact, in addition to concepts like backward design and power standards, they are one of the most useful tools a teacher-as-learning-designer…
126 Digital Learning Verbs Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy –
by TeachThought Staff At TeachThought, we’re enthusiastic supporters of any learning taxonomy. (We even created our own, the TeachThought Learning Taxonomy.) Put simply, learning taxonomies help us think about how learning happens. Even if they’re ‘not good’ as we’ve often seen…
A Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy For Evaluating Digital Tasks
by TeachThought Staff At TeachThought, we’ve described Bloom’s Taxonomy as “a hierarchical ordering of cognitive skills that can, among countless other uses, help teachers teach and students learn.” Whether you’re designing instruction, evaluating an assessment, or observing a classroom, Bloom’s remains…
10 Student Engagement Strategies That Empower Learners – TeachThought
by Terry Heick Agreeing on how to best establish what a learner understands isn’t simple — if for no other reason then understanding itself isn’t simple. The difference between gamification and game-based learning is important: the former uses encouragement mechanics to promote…
Questions Students Can Ask Themselves Before, During, & After Teaching
by Terry Heick Are there questions students can ask themselves while you’re teaching? Questions that can guide and support their own thinking and awareness before, during, and after your teaching? Of course, this assumes you’re ‘teaching’ a traditional ‘lesson’ with…
12 Authentic Starting Points For Learning – TeachThought
Learning–real, informal, authentic, and lifelong learning–can ‘begin’ with just about anything. In that way, this is obviously not an exhaustive list. Nor am I implying that these are ‘the best’ starting points or that they would be in every case…
10 Of The Best TEDTalks On Improving Education
1. Brian Johnson: How to teach ‘for’ students, not ‘at’ them Big Idea: Educators should prioritize student engagement by teaching for students, fostering active participation rather than passive reception. In his talk, Brian Johnson emphasizes the importance of shifting from…
50 Ideas For Simple STEM Activities For Kids – TeachThought
by TeachThought Staff The activities below are designed to be simple, flexible, and fun, making them perfect for learners of all ages, whether you’re a parent, teacher, or an independent learner. Because this is a single post/article post (and not…
10 Video Games To Get Started With Game-Based Learning
by TeachThought Staff In The Difference Between Between Gamification and Game-Based Learning, we learned the difference between the two. “Gamification is first and foremost about encouragement mechanics and the system that promotes them, while game-based learning is first and foremost…
21 Smart Games For Game-Based Learning
by TeachThought Staff There is a difference between gamification and game-based learning, and this post focuses on the latter. Essentially, game-based learning means to learn through games. Learn what and how–and through what games–is the less straight-forward part. There is…
Shifting Focus From Ideas To The Effects Of Those Ideas
by Terry Heick It’s not the thinking behind an idea that should bother us, but rather the effect of the idea. #edtech. Content-based academic standards. PLCs. Video streaming. Use of data. Mandates to be research-based in our behavior. Remote teaching….
The Elements Of A Digital Classroom
by TeachThought Staff What makes up a classroom? Is it the space? A room, for example? Is it the purpose? Can a regular meeting space in a garden be a ‘horticulture classroom’? Is it the people? Can a video conference…
The Definition Of A Socratic Seminar
If correctly prepared for, a Socratic seminar can be a powerful catalyst for social learning. Many teachers we know have remarked that individual and collective insights and experiences from Socratic seminars are the moments that most impact students, the moments…
Teach Students To Think Irrationally
Teach Students To Think Irrationally by Terry Heick Formal learning is a humbling thing. As planners, designers, executors, and general caretakers of public and private education systems, we are tasked with the insurmountable: overcome a child’s natural tendency to play,…
Teaching Mindfulness In School At Any Grade Level: 10 Tips
by TeachThought Staff While the scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Investigating Healthy Minds (CIHM) at the Waisman Center aren’t yet ready to issue evidence-based mindfulness curriculum practices, Flook and CIHM outreach specialists Lisa Thomas Prince and Lori…
What Is The Library Of Congress? – TeachThought
What Is The Library Of Congress? by TeachThought Staff The recent dismissal of Dr. Carla Hayden, the 14th Librarian of Congress, has brought renewed attention to the Library of Congress—but what exactly is the Library of Congress, and why does…
Context Clues in Reading: 7 Strategies
contributed by Kathy Glass We often ask students to use context clues to figure out a word’s meaning. That makes it our job as teachers to explicitly teach how authors use them. In doing so, students gain an inventory of…
30 Questions Teachers Can Ask At Their Next Job Interview
by TeachThought Staff So you’re considering taking a teaching job? Or at least interviewing? What should you be asking to make sure it’s a good fit for both you and the school? Understanding The Point Of The A Teacher Job…
12 Articles About Critical Thinking – TeachThought
12 Articles About Critical Thinking In The Classroom by TeachThought Staff Critical thinking remains one of the most discussed—and least clearly defined—ideas in education. It’s often treated as a skill, a habit, or a process, depending on the context, but…
Promote Creativity In Learning With These 30 Ideas
The concept of teaching creativity has been around for quite some time. See also What Is Divergent Thinking? Much of the blame for a lack of creativity, and therefore innovation, can be traced to our traditional educational systems. It relies…
10 Google Drive Tips & Tricks For Students
1. Master the Search Bar: Your Time-Saving Powerhouse Don’t waste time scrolling through endless files. Google Drive’s search bar is surprisingly intelligent. Use keywords, file types (e.g., “presentation,” “essay,” “PDF”), dates, or even specific phrases within documents to pinpoint what…
How To Be More Creative
by TeachThought Staff Creativity is often associated with elementary students who are encouraged to draw or color to self-express. According to a study published in the Thinking Skills and Creativity journal, students who regularly engage in creative tasks show statistically…
Where To Find Sensory Teaching Tools For Your Classroom – TeachThought
In a world full of stimuli, sensory rooms are becoming an essential tool for schools looking to better support students with sensory sensitivities, autism, ADHD and anxiety. These thoughtfully designed spaces offer a calming refuge, helping students regulate their emotions,…
50 Of The Most Popular Online Courses Of All-Time – TeachThought
by TeachThought Staff Astronomy: Exploring Time and Space (University of Arizona) Comprehensive introduction to the universe, from planets to galaxies. Covers fundamental concepts of modern astronomy, space exploration, and the tools astronomers use to study cosmic phenomena. Learning How to…
The Foundational 4 Cs of Critical Thinking in K-12 Education – TeachThought
The Foundational 4 Cs of Critical Thinking in K-12 Education by TeachThought Staff What Are The 4 Cs of Critical Thinking? Critical thinking, as a concept and practice, can be framed in various ways. It can be seen, for example,…
Teaching Strategies For Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs – TeachThought
Teaching Strategies For Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs by TeachThought Staff Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, developed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943, is a foundational theory in psychology that describes the stages of human needs as a pyramid, with the most…
How To Play The ‘Count To Ten’ Team-Building Game
by TeachThought Staff We’ve looked at icebreakers for kids–elementary school students, for example. How about another of an easy to use, fun, and fairly quick/zero-prep team-building game? One that can be used with a wide range of ages from elementary…
Charlotte’s Web Overview
by TeachThought Staff Today’s product Pick Of The Day is a childhood classic on almost every self-respected reading list in the United States (and many beyond): Charlotte’s Web book by E.B. White. The following links are affiliate links–which have zero…
Learning Myths That Are Slowing You Down And What Actually Works – TeachThought
Let’s face it. Everyone wants to learn faster. Whether you’re working with a maths tutor in Brisbane or studying on your own, your learning style matters. Many students rely on math tutors or English tutors to speed things up, but…
Advocating For Critical Thinking Amid Social Tension – TeachThought
Standing for Critical Thinking and Progress by Terrell Heick At TeachThought, we have always focused on promoting critical thinking cross for use in ‘human’ applications–namely, people (i.e., education stakeholders) and places (i.e., communities). Our mission has been apolitical by design—centered…
Stages Of A Self-Directed Learning Model
by TeachThought Staff Self-Directed Learning is not a new concept, but it’s often misunderstood—especially in the context of K-12 classrooms. In a prior reflection, Terry Heick explored the relationship between self-directed learning and the true purpose of education: “The goal of…
What Is Cognitive Dissonance? A Definition For Teaching – TeachThought
What Is Cognitive Dissonance? A Definition For Teaching Understanding Cognitive Dissonance: A Psychological Framework for Growth and Learning Human beings strive for consistency between their thoughts, beliefs, and actions. When an inconsistency arises—when beliefs and behaviors clash—it creates a…
What Is Social Learning? – TeachThought
What is social learning? Social learning theory is a behavioral theory that posits that new behaviors can be learned by observing and imitating others. It is underpinned by the idea that meaning-making (i.e., learning) is a cognitive behavior and process…
30 Free MOOCs For Teachers & Students
A List Of Free MOOCs For Teachers & Students contributed by TeachThought Staff While the initial surge of enthusiasm for MOOCs in the early 2010s has tapered off, they remain a valuable and widely-used resource for lifelong learning, professional development,…
4 Neurosystems Of Learning – TeachThought
by TeachThought Staff Understanding how the brain actually learns has been a a scientific challenge for millennia. Based on recent advances in neuroscience and its application to learning, there is an emerging model of how the brain learns and it…
25 Reading Strategies That Work In Every Content Area
by TeachThought Staff Reading is simply a sequence of symbol interpretation. By understanding that letters make sounds, we can blend those sounds together to make whole sounds that symbolize meaning we can all exchange with one another. By mastering the…
40 Of The Best Quotes About Creativity – TeachThought
by TeachThought Staff In the always-changing–recently even more so–landscape of education, the cultivation of creativity is a vital component of learning. Combinig existing ideas into new forms–into new ideas–is a part of creativity. More than just an artistic endeavor, creativity…
60 Critical Thinking Strategies For Learning
A critical thinking strategy is simply a ‘way’ to encourage or facilitate the cognitive act of thinking critically. Critical thinking is the ongoing application of unbiased, accurate, and ‘good-faith’ analysis, interpretation, contextualizing, and synthesizing multiple data sources and cognitive perspectives…
Common Mistakes In Data Annotation Projects – TeachThought
Good training data is key for AI models. Mistakes in data labeling can cause wrong predictions, wasted resources, and biased results. What is the biggest issue? Problems like unclear guidelines, inconsistent labeling, and poor annotation tools slow projects and raise costs. This article highlights what…
6 Domains Of Cognition: The TeachThought Learning Taxonomy
by Terry Heick How can you tell if a student really understands something? They learn early on to play the game—tell the teacher and/or the test what they ‘want to know,’ and even the best assessment leaves something on the…
5 Ways CapCut Pro Can Improve Your Social Media Content – TeachThought
Social media content creators make anywhere from $500 to $50,000+ monthly. Learning to edit videos that stand out on social media platforms is a vital skill in today’s digital landscape. CapCut brings professional editing tools to everyone, whether you’re new…
The Benefits Of Inquiry-Based Learning In Your Classroom
contributed by Irena Nayfeld, TeachThought PD Inquiry Workshop Facilitator Those of us who spend our days around young children hear it all the time: “What’s that?” “Why are you doing that?” “How?” “Why?” “HowWhyWhenWhatWhy?” Children are infinitely curious – they…
What Is Critical Thinking? A Simple Definition
by Terry Heick What does ‘critical thinking’ mean? Well, that depends on who you ask. For educators, as a term, critical thinking is similar to words like democracy, global, and organic: You hear people use them all the time, but no…
How Digital Identity Is Reshaping Online Privacy And Security – TeachThought
Billions upon billions of people in the world have been connected by the internet, which has provided the ability to access more and more information, services, and opportunities. However, as the new connectivity grows, there are greater privacy, security, and…
A Master List Of 100+ Examples
contributed by Owen M. Wilson, University of Texas El Paso A logical fallacy is an irrational argument made through faulty reasoning common enough to be named for the nature of its respective logical failure. The A Priori Argument Also: Rationalization; Dogmatism,…
Using The 3-2-1 Learning Strategy For Critical Thinking – TeachThought
by Terry Heick What’s the 3-2-1 strategy? The 3-2-1 strategy is simply a format that can frame–well, really anything. Examples Of The 3-2-1 Strategy It doesn’t even have to be about about teaching and learning. You might ask someone to…
Protecting Student Data In The AI Classroom With A VPN – TeachThought
Protecting Student Data In The AI Classroom With A VPN AI is transforming education, but with increased tech comes increased responsibility. Educators must prioritize data privacy, especially as AI tools gather student information. Let’s take a quick look at how…
Teaching Students to Build Wealth – TeachThought
The world is changing fast, and traditional education often fails to keep up. While students are taught math, science, and history, many leave school without the financial knowledge and problem-solving skills needed to thrive in the real world. This is…
Establishing A Culture Of ‘Can’ In Your Classroom
by Terry Heick The long-term output of any school should be not just proficient students, but enabled learners. An “enabled” learner can grasp macro views, uncover micro details, ask questions, plan for new knowledge and transfer thinking across divergent circumstances….
10 Ways a Video Clipper Can Save Time in Video Editing – TeachThought
In this blog, we’re diving into 10 game-changing ways a simple video clipper can save you tons of time and make your editing workflow smoother than ever. Precise Removal of Unwanted Footage Editing raw footage can often feel akin to…
How Finance Scholarships Motivate Students (Tips for Teachers) – TeachThought
College students face rising costs for education every year, causing many to juggle work, studies, and looming debt. The CollegeBoard’s report shows that the average cost and fees at private four-year colleges in 2021–2022 was approximately $38,070 per year, while…
A Better Alternative To Grading Student Writing
by Terry Heick This is a quick post that just occurred to me while writing about–well, writing about writing. I was brainstorming ways to use technology to help students improve their writing and realized that over and over again, I…
What Should A School Do? – TeachThought
I. Human beings are capable of extraordinary joy and extraordinary suffering. II. Suffering is inherent in the human condition and is not entirely correctable. III. Suffering that occurs as a kind of product–something occurring by design–is, however, correctable. IV. Many of…
What Is Additive Grading?
contributed by Rob Steller Engagement isn’t an on and off switch. There are levels to student engagement and if a mind isn’t engaged, it’s nearly impossible for it to learn. In a way, education is already set up like a game….
Essential Tips for Students & Teachers – TeachThought
Cybersecurity 101: Essential Tips for Students & Teachers The rise of digital learning has transformed education, providing unprecedented connectivity and opportunities. However, this shift also brings serious challenges, particularly in online privacy and security. To navigate this evolving landscape, both…
Why People Play Video Games
Why People Play Video Games Why We Play Video Games: How Our Desire For Games Shapes Our World was first published in Game Informer magazine and then on gameinformer.com by Ben Reeves Gamers have spent countless hours saving princesses, dodging bullets, and…
Which Zodiac Signs Are Most Vulnerable To Critical Thinking? – TeachThought
Critical thinking is a skill we’re told to cultivate, like reading literature or maintaining eye contact during small talk. It’s about stepping back, analyzing, and questioning everything, even when it would be so much easier to just agree with the…
How To Make Good Teaching More Sustainable
by Terry Heick Simple premise, as titled: what sorts of ‘things’ make teaching unsustainable, and what sort of advice can help teachers reflect on these ideas to mitigate any damage and make the profession more enjoyable, and thus sustainable. 10….
Simple Ways To Check For Understanding
Whether you’re using formative assessment for data to personalize learning within a unit, or more summative data to refine a curriculum map, the ability to quickly and easily check for understanding is a critical part of what you do. (Which…
A 21st Century Learning Model
by Terry Heick As a follow-up to our 9 Characteristics of 21st Century Learning we developed in 2009, we have developed an updated framework, The Inside-Out Learning Model. The goal of the model is simple enough–not pure academic proficiency, but instead…
8 Strategies To Engage Students At The Beginning Of Class
The Precious First Few Minutes Of Class The traditional scene is familiar: Students drift into class while we announce “Your warm-up is on the board,” followed by the usual shuffle for supplies and various requests. But in today’s educational landscape,…
The Necessity Of Self-Criticism In Education
To grow, teachers must be able to reflect critically on their own performance. Education is ‘actuated’ by teachers. It makes sense, then, that education should also be able to reflect critically on its own performance as well. Currently, this occurs…
Fostering STEM Engagement Through Short-Form Videos –
In today’s digital landscape, social media platforms have become crucial for educational engagement, especially in STEM fields. TikTok, a leading short-form video-sharing app, has gained immense popularity globally. Yet, in the USA, access to TikTok is restricted, hindering students and…
Creative Applications of AI in Design –
In the digital age, branding has evolved into an art and a science, requiring businesses to craft unique visual identities that resonate with their audiences. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is at the forefront of this revolution, offering innovative tools to simplify…
Polish Your Instagram Reels With CapCut Background Removal Tool –
Everyone loves Instagram Reels. Content creators are facing high competition to gain the attention of their audience. Attractive and clean reels always gain popularity. CapCut, free video editing software, provides a clear interface, which makes video editing for Instagram reels…
Language Learning Barriers Through Classroom Management
Use Classroom Management Platforms and Other Tools to Overcome Barriers in Learning a Language contributed by Al Kingsley, CEO of NetSupport Teaching a language, whether for ESL students or those learning something new like French or Spanish – requires largely…
How Teachers Can Equip Parents For College Planning –
College planning often feels overwhelming for families. Parents juggle excitement about their child’s future with anxiety over the financial, emotional, and logistical challenges ahead. Many don’t know where to start, and as educators, we’re in a unique position to offer…
Protecting Your Digital Footprint –
The massive T-Mobile data breach in 2023, which exposed 37 million customers’ data, was a stark reminder: cybersecurity isn’t just IT jargon—it’s a necessity in our digital world. Whether you check your bank balance on your phone, work remotely, or…
The Difference Between Chronos And Kairos In The Classroom –
Harnessing Kairos: Balancing Structured Time and Learning Velocity in K-12 Classrooms Time in education is about more than minutes on the clock or adhering to rigid schedules. It’s about how students experience time cognitively and emotionally in the learning process….
What It Means To Be A Reflective Teacher
by Terry Heick Reflection is a fundamental tenet of learning; it is also, therefore, a fundamental part of teaching. Why it happens is a matter of humility. But how and when it happens–and with whom–is less clear. This is partly…
20 Types Of Questions For Teaching Critical Thinking –
by Terry Heick What are the different types of questions? Turns out, it’s pretty limitless. I’ve always been interested in them–the way they can cause (or stop) thinking; the nature of inquiry and reason; the way they can facilitate and…
The Piece of Wild Things Video by Wendell Berry
by TeachThought Staff In a world filled with noise, division, and endless demands on our attention, Wendell Berry’s poem The Peace of Wild Things offers a rare invitation: to step back and find solace in nature. ‘The Peace Of Wild…
5 Common Misconceptions About Bloom’s Taxonomy
by Grant Wiggins & The TeachThought Staff Admit it–you only read the list of the six levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy, not the whole book that explains each level and the rationale behind the Taxonomy. Not to worry, you are not alone:…
20 Questions To Help Students Think Critically About News
This post was originally published in 2019 and updated in 2024 by Terrell Heick 1. In the article, headline, or social share, ‘who’ is saying ‘what’? That is, what specific author and publication are making what kind of claim about…
Which Content Is Most Important? The 40/40/40 Rule
by Terry Heick I first encountered the 40/40/40 rule years ago while skimming one of those giant (and indispensable) 400 page Understanding by Design tomes. The question was simple enough. Of all of the academic standards, you are tasked with…
Tone As A Cause And Effect Of Learning –
Tone As A Cause And Effect Of Learning by Terrell Heick In 20 Words That Can Affect How Students Think,, we said “Tone affects how students see themselves and their role in the learning process. In fact, a student’s own…
A New Definition For Equity In Education
by Terry Heick In a profession increasingly full of angst and positioning and corrective policy, there are few ideas as easy to get behind as equity. Equal. Equality. Equity. Equilibrium. Equate. These are all fine ideas—each tidy and whole, implying…
The Role of Gamification in Modern Education –
Gamification is used in many fields and industries. It is meant to promote customer loyalty in business: ” Find a discount among our 5 latest emails to get 50% off dedicated server hosting.” It’s a little different in education. Gamification…
Innovative Tips For Protecting Your Business Assets –
There are many obstacles to navigate when running a business. Challenges are around every corner, and one wrong move can cost you. But what if you could remove some of those risks, especially when protecting your business assets? Keeping everything…
Top 50 Best Quotes About Learning
by TeachThought Staff The internet loves many things. It loves cats, for example. Memes, too. It loves videos, which means it loves YouTube. It loves recipes and Wikipedia and alarming misdiagnoses on WebMd and, among other things (and getting to…
50 Of The Most Inspirational Quotes About Life –
50 Inspirational And Motivational Quotes by TeachThought Staff What are some of the most inspirational quotes about life? Well, that depends on what kind of inspiration you’re looking for. Life quotes range across the human condition, from suffering to possibility,…
A Visual Exploration Of Why Play Is Necessary For Learning
We make lasting connections through play, but the role of play in learning is an idea that continues to meet resistance. Part of the reason could be tone. We like our learning serious, intentional, and academic. This is reflected through…
What Is Learned Helplessness? –
by TeachThought Staff What is learned helplessness? Definition Learned helplessness is a psychological condition in which a person, after repeated failures or negative experiences, believes they have no control over situations’ outcomes and stops trying to improve or change them….
Strategic Considerations For Leadership –
Lipid Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery: Strategic Considerations for Leadership Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as one of modern medicine’s most significant drug delivery systems. They play a pivotal role in the success of mRNA-based vaccines and other advanced therapies. With…
50 Of The Best Science Podcasts In 2020 TeachThought
The Best Science Podcasts by TeachThought Staff Today, there is a wealth of content out there that’s both educational and entertaining, including some pretty amazing shows on scientific topics that are equally interesting to the layman and the professional. Whether…
10 Amazing Research Projects Going On Right Now
by TeachThought Staff AI-Driven Climate Modeling Researchers use advanced AI models to predict climate changes more precisely. This project integrates machine learning with global climate data to simulate potential outcomes. The goal is to identify key mitigation strategies for climate…
The Most Dangerous Phrase In Education
by Terry Heick I was speaking (tweeting) with Mark Barnes tonight, and he mentioned the idea of challenging existing forms and practices. And then someone tweeted the above image–a quote attributed to Rear Admiral Grace Hopper, according to the image source…
What Is Duolingo For Schools? –
by TeachThought Staff Definition: Duolingo is a popular language-learning platform that provides free online courses in multiple languages. Audience: K-12 Teachers, Students It offers a gamified approach to language learning, making it engaging and interactive for users. Duolingo offers courses…
Things You Can Say To Encourage A Child
by TeachThought Staff There are many ways to encourage a child, but for students of any age, honest, authentic, and persistent messages from adults that have credibility in their eyes are among the most powerful. The National Center on Quality…
How To Work Together To Improve Teacher Principal Relationships –
Transform Education By Building A Legacy Of Teacher-Principal Partnership contributed by Joe Griffin, PhD Abstract Collaboration between teachers and principals is essential for creating thriving educational communities that enhance student achievement and teacher performance. This article explores the transformative power…
Technological Progress In Education –
Innovative Methods in Language Learning: How Technology is Transforming Education Learning a new language is kinda like standing before the ruins of the Tower of Babel, tasked with rebuilding it. The stones are so large… so many. They look so…
8 Off The Best Tools To Create Infographics
For better or for worse, visual information is the new internet, and infographics are pioneers in mashing information and images together in a way that hopefully tells a story, provides utility, or both. You need a few basic ‘things’ to…
How Schools Can Implement Mindful Media –
Information and Communication Overloading (ICO) and “Mindful Media” contributed by Dr. Domenico Meschino In today’s digital age, children are immersed in many online activities that shape their daily lives. Social media has become integral to their social landscape, with platforms…
20 Words That Can Change How Students Think
by Terry Heick While I often talk about ‘scale’ as one of the primary challenges in education–and have also wondered about curriculum, too–a more subversive concept constantly at play throughout education is tone. As an ‘English’ teacher, I always explained tone…
How I Eliminated (Almost) All Grading Problems In My Classroom
by Terry Heick Grading problems are one of the most urgent bugaboos of good teaching. Grading can take an extraordinary amount of time. It can also demoralize students, get them in trouble at home, or keep them from getting into…
15 Alternatives To Report Cards –
15 Alternatives To Report Cards In The K-12 Classroom by TeachThought Staff Like lunchboxes (or brown paper sacks), field trips, and textbooks, report cards are iconic–symbols of traditional classrooms and traditional approaches to education. In its name, the purpose of…
Why You Shouldn’t Use Physical Education As Punishment
contributed by Dr. Kymm Ballard, Executive Director for SPARK Think about any time you’ve seen “army boot camp” portrayed in pop culture — are you picturing the traditional drill sergeant, ordering his troops to do endless laps and push-ups, as punishment for…
Bertrand Russell’s 10 Essential Rules Of Critical Thinking –
Bertrand Russell’s 10 Essential Rules Of Critical Thinking by Terry Heick For a field of study that explores the nature of knowledge, Philosophy has had a surprisingly small impact on education. Most formal academic ‘platforms’ like public schools and universities…
The Greatest Books Of All Time
Labeling a book “great” is a matter of opinion, but when you pile together the opinion of 13 other book-loving folks, you start to get somewhere close to credibility. Alistofbooks.com compiles 13 lists of the greatest books ever published, using…
How To Filter Your Email Using Search Operators –
How To Filter Your Email using Search Operators by TeachThought Staff It’s almost 2025, and I’m on what seems to be a never-ending question make email better. As much as I ‘don’t like email,’ I don’t like phone calls either,…
An Updated List Of Google Search Operators –
What Are Google Search Operators? by TeachThought Staff Google search operators are special characters and commands you can use to refine your search queries on Google. They help narrow down results by specifying more precisely what you’re looking for. For…
5 Strategies For Setting SMART Goals In The Classroom –
Using Goal Setting and Data Tracking to Enhance Student Agency and Achievement contributed by Samantha Lopez As educators, we are often referred to as ‘data-driven decision-makers.’ Even in an upper elementary classroom, students can access their grades and keep track…
Quotes About Living –
What Is Life About? The Best Quotes We Could Find by TeachThought Staff What Is Life About? The Best Quotes We Could Find “People use drugs, legal and illegal, because their lives are intolerably painful or dull. They hate their…
Getting Started With Word Walls –
contributed by Samantha Saumell, I Have, Not I Am All teachers want to help students become successful readers and writers. Whether students like reading or writing, they are readers and writers, whether they know it or not. Students sometimes think that…
8 Of The Most Important Critical Thinking Skills –
Critical thinking is the ongoing application of unbiased analysis in pursuit of objective truth. Although its name implies criticism, critical thinking is actually closer to ‘truth judgment‘ based on withholding judgments while evaluating existing and emerging data to form more…
How to Create Engaging and Interactive Lessons With Technology –
Education has gone beyond acquiring knowledge to acquiring skills using EdTech tools; students learn digital literacy, teamwork, and critical thinking skills. Using technology in learning also enhances the student’s ability to appreciate and ponder on issues in a previously deemed…
Addressing 5 Common Project-Based Learning Challenges –
Address Common Project-Based Learning Challenges Through Culture-Building contributed by Sara Segar, Experit Learning Depot I would never claim to be the world’s best project-based educator. There have been ups and downs, some duds, and big mistakes. I have encountered every PBL…
6 Technologies That Will Define The Classroom Of The Future –
by TeachThought Staff In ‘Shifts For The Classroom of the Future,’ Terrell Heick said, “It’s challenging enough to manage a traditional learning environment where the curriculum is handed to you, and meetings are set, and you’re simply there to manage;…
4 Benefits To Cloud-Based Learning
by TeachThought Staff As learning becomes increasingly digital, access becomes increasingly important. The Flipped Classroom, for example, requires technology that would have been considered dramatic only a few years ago. Broadband access, CPU speed, graphics processing, multi-media production in terms…
Creating A New Digital Architecture Of Participation –
by Terrell Heick It isn’t clear what the original goal of social media was. No single person, organization, or platform could have possibly decided this. Once the framework of publishing content–in any constantly changing but not always evolving forms–was established,…
10 Team-Building Games For The First Day Of Class
by TeachThought Staff Team-building activities are great–especially for the first day of school or early in the school year, Not only can they help establish routines, tone, and expectations, they’re also fun, and can help learners feel comfortable. Though many…
12 Ideas For Easing Students Back to School
by TeachThought Staff Welcome to a new school year! While most teachers and students have so much to look forward to as the new school year begins, at times the groans you will hear from the students are almost as…
To Truly Improve Learning, Schools Should Stop Trying So Hard
by Terry Heick Education is a series of learning experiences informed by policy, and actuated by teachers. Policy, by its very nature, is sweeping and ambitious. It is designed to work on various scales, is well-intentioned, and often difficult to…
10 Calendar Apps For Improved Scheduling
by TeachThought Staff Life can be crushingly busy–especially if you’re an educator or any other profession where deadlines are constant and the pressure is, unfortunately, unrelenting. With that in mind, keeping your schedule organized and managing your time efficiently is…
How To Teach Artificial Intelligence Without Technology
Strategies for Teaching AI Concepts Without Technology by TeachThought Staff Preface: This post is primarily for general content-area K-12 teachers (likely 6-12). Teaching AI theory, for example, is well beyond these ideas. You don’t need a wind tunnel to learn…
8 Strategies Your Teaching More Enjoyable This Year –
by Terry Heick My wife is a schoolteacher, and recently I’ve been listening to her online meetings. And there have been a lot of them. It’s July 2024 and a week or three from the beginning of the 2024-2025 school…
How To Connect Schools And Communities
by Terry Heick It’s possible that there is no time in the history of education that our systems of educating have been so out of touch with the communities. Growing populations, shifting communities, and increasingly inwardly-focused schools all play a…
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Online Language Learning –
AI is quickly becoming a powerful change in online language learning (i.e., through eLearning), and it can significantly change how the material is delivered and how well learning systems work. When AI is added to eLearning platforms, they become smart…
What Problem Does Technology Help Schools Solve? TeachThought
by Terrell Heick Will robots replace teachers? I was asked this in an interview a years ago for Futurism and tried to offer up some abstract nonsense whose lack of clarity represented my own thinking: “Will artificial intelligence replace teachers?…
The Pedagogy Of The Oppressed Freire –
by TeachThought Staff Paulo Freire’s “The Pedagogy of the Oppressed” is a foundational text in educational theory. Its enduring significance stems from its profound critique of traditional teaching and learning methods. Written in the 1960s, this influential work remains as…
Explore The Best Writing Tools For Students To Enhance Your Skills –
In the vast ocean of academic tasks, writing is a challenging and crucial skill for success at school and beyond. Whether drafting an essay, composing a research paper, or jotting down notes for class, having the right tools can make…
Explore Top Online Learning Tools For Students To Enhance Your Studies –
Technology has transformed how you interact with your educational materials. From AI tutors that provide personalized learning experiences to digital platforms that organize notes efficiently, these innovative tools are transforming traditional learning methods. As a student, adapting to these technological…
How To Sync Your Classroom
by TeachThought Staff In just the last decade, the image of technology in the classroom has shifted from rows of desktops in a dedicated computer lab (all facing the same direction) to one where a variety of different devices coexist,…
The Relationship Between Reading And Critical Literacy
by Terry Heick Phonemic awareness is knowing that certain letters make certain sounds. Phonemic awareness is knowing that sounds can blend together in predictable and unpredictable ways. Phonemic awareness is about loving the sounds that letters can make, then noticing…
The 33 Best Books For Students Who Don’t Like To Read
“Let’s get out our [independent/book club/whole class] books and open to page __!” At least one student in the room experiences a shudder of disdain and a wave of despondency each time such words are uttered (many more students are…
Teaching Students To See Quality
by Terry Heick Quality—you know what it is, yet you don’t know what it is. But that’s self-contradictory. But some things are better than others, that is, they have more quality. But when you try to say what the quality…
Learning Goals Examples for College Students –
Setting specific goals isn’t just about ticking off checkboxes; it’s about charting a path toward academic excellence and personal growth. As a college student, you juggle lectures, exams, and study sessions. That’s where learning goals come into play—they help you…
The Difference Between Constructivism And Constructionism –
The Difference Between Constructivism And Constructionism by Terry Heick While working on the learning theory visual overview, I realized I couldn’t clearly explain the difference between constructivism and constructionism. So I did a little research and initially didn’t find much…
Top 7 Reasons To Study Healthcare Management Program –
by TeachThought Staff The field of healthcare is experiencing rapid growth globally as people live longer lives. This expansion requires knowledgeable individuals from healthcare management programs to develop strategies for providing affordable and available healthcare to more people. Advances in…
The Simplest Way To Change Education
by Terry Heick Having gone on for decades now, discussions around the idea of ed reform are a bit tired. They seem pointless. Exhausting. A waste of time and creative bandwidth. Bottom-up change is exhausting and top-down change is exhausting…
Questioning In The Classroom: An Updated Guide
by Terry Heick If the ultimate goal of education is for students to be able to answer questions effectively, then focusing on content and response strategies makes sense. If the ultimate goal of education is to teach students to think, then…
6 Types Of Assessment Of Learning
by TeachThought Staff What are the types of assessment for learning? And more importantly, when should you use which? If curriculum is the what of teaching and learning models are the how, assessment is the puzzled ‘Hmmmm’–as in, I assumed…
50 Learning Reflection Questions For Students –
by Terry Heick A few years ago, I wrote about Types of Learning Journals and reflection was a part of this thinking. I’ve also shared a small collection of basic reflective questions in the past that could be used as…
Embracing The Future Of Social Work Through Online Education –
Embracing the Future of Social Work Through Online Education by TeachThought Staff The social work profession is on the cusp of a transformative era. Once viewed with skepticism, online education is rapidly becoming a powerful tool for expanding access to…
Strategies To Help Students Retain What You Taught Them
by Terry Heick Reflection is a natural part of learning. We all think about new experiences–the camping on the car ride home, the mistakes made in a game, or the emotions felt while finishing a long-term project that’s taken months…
Statistics Outgrowing Other STEM Fields 2010-2013
Title: Embracing Statistics: A Pillar of Modern STEM Education In today’s rapidly evolving landscape of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), statistics is a pivotal discipline, transcending its traditional role as a mere supporting tool. As we navigate the digital…
14 Ways To Help Students Build Confidence
Once it’s begun, it’s difficult to fully separate the person from the task. When the artist is painting, the painter and the act of painting become a single ‘thing.’ The painting becomes a part of it all, too. As a…
The Benefits Of Meditation In The Classroom –
contributed by Beth Rush, Managing Edition at Body + Mind The image of your 5-year-old sitting serenely on a yoga mat might calm your mind if you’re a harried parent, but does meditation benefit this age group? What can teachers…
50 Of The Best Quotes About Reading –
50 Of The Best Quotes About Reading by TeachThought Staff Literacy—the ability to read and write—is the foundation of formal, academic learning. But beyond reading and writing skills, literacy is a gateway to critical thinking, effective communication, and holistic learning…
How Students Can Transform Their Study Sessions –
How to Transform Your Study Sessions: Notes, Help, and Hacks for the Modern Student by TeachThought Staff Transforming your study sessions from tedious to productive doesn’t just happen; it requires a mix of the right strategies, tools, and mindset. Your…
Technology Tools For Interactive Learning –
contributed by Edelyn Bontuyan What makes traditional learning click? In-person learning. As a teacher, your students look up to you to impart knowledge in a format and manner they can absorb fast and easy. How do you achieve that? You…
The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Learning –
contributed by Michael Mirra Abstract Diversity has been at the forefront of educational discussions over the last few years. When we think about having a diverse classroom we think of ethnicity, race, gender, nationality, religion, and sexual orientation. It is…
Richard Feynman On Knowing Versus Understanding –
Richard Feynman On Knowing Versus Understanding by TeachThought Staff Who is Richard Feynman? Richard Feynman, born in 1918, was a theoretical physicist whose work in quantum mechanics earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. According to nobelprize.org, Feynman…
An Example Of Rigor-Based Differentiation –
contributed by Barbara R. Blackburn Differentiation is a popular concept in today’s schools. After all, it makes sense. We’d all love to provide instruction tailored to every student’s needs. However, intentionally or accidentally, many teachers simply lower the rigor for…
10 Of The Best iPhone Apps For Language Translation
contributed by TeachThought Staff Language is a wonderful thing. It is the common thread that binds entire societies, allowing ease of communication and understanding. On the other hand, finding yourself in a situation where you are unable to communicate adequately…
Tips For Improving Family Engagement Through School-Home Communication –
contributed by Dr. Kara Stern, SchoolStatus Head of Education Solutions Recognizing school/home communication’s profound impact on student success and well-being is crucial. We need to understand school communication as much more than disseminating information—it’s an integral pillar supporting student achievement,…
What Is Mistake Literacy? The Research Of Learning Through Failure –
contributed by Dr. Zak Cohen In 2009, President Obama spoke to a group of students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia. As someone who had readily and unabashedly admitted to his mistakes as a youth and how these missteps…
Knowledge Domains For The 21st Century Student
by TeachThought Staff Thinking in the 21st century is just different. That doesn’t mean we’re all suddenly omnipotent cyborgs, nor do we all become mindless social media addicts who spend our cognitive might tapping, swiping, and drooling on our smartphone…
A Powerful, One-Sentence Argument For Progressive Learning
by TeachThought Staff Do not limit a child to your own learning, for they were born for another time. R Tagore While each generation is unique, possessing its own challenges, opportunities, and cultural contexts, the methods of teaching and the…
10 Of The Best iPhone Apps For Language Translation
Language is a wonderful thing. It is the common thread that binds entire societies, allowing ease of communication and understanding. Finding yourself in a situation where you are unable to adequately communicate, on the other hand, is highly frustrating. A…
LEGO Launches StoryStarter For Improved Literacy
by TeachThought Staff In the classroom, promoting literacy is a practice that extends far beyond the mere ability to read and write. Literacy is part of broad spectrum of competencies, including language acquisition, comprehension, critical thinking, and creative expression. Within…
Getting Started Using Talking Circles In The Classroom –
Talking Circles are a traditional discussion and decision-making format originating in First Nations cultures. In this format, individuals sit in a circle, signifying equality, and take turns speaking while holding a ceremonial object. This allows for respectful and inclusive conversation,…
7 Reasons Why Online Learning Is The Future Of Education –
Image Source pexels.com by TeachThought Staff Online learning is rapidly emerging as a pivotal force in the evolution of education. Its growth is propelled by technological advancements and a shifting global landscape that values accessibility and flexibility in learning. This…
Simple Ways To Use Artificial Intelligence In The Classroom –
by TeachThought Staff Whether we like it or not, there is no denying that artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the world in many ways. Education is one of the areas affected by it. How can teachers use AI and guide…
On The Danger Of Popular Ideas In Education –
by Terrell Heick More than once, I’ve seen Bloom’s Taxonomy called a ‘fad.’ This can be lumped in with Charlotte Danielson’s DOK framework and Learning Styles, eLearning, Blended Learning, MOOCs, Common Core academic standards, and a few dozen other practices,…
10 Careers In Educational Leadership –
Image Source pixabay by TeachThought Staff Educational leadership is an expansive field, rich with opportunities for those passionate about shaping the future of education. It encompasses a range of roles that go beyond traditional teaching, delving into the realms of…
What Are The Grade Levels By Age? –
by TeachThought Staff For a growing child, grade level seems to have very little use. For a child functioning as or in the role of a ‘student,’ it can be vaguely useful to schools to place students and stratify them…
What Is Cognitive Constructivism? –
Learning theory isn’t generally high on the list of practicing teachers. For starters, teachers are busy poring over the classic–or emerging–learning theories that can inform their teaching on a day-to-day basis. Secondly, much of K-12 pedagogy in the United States…
The Journey To A Bachelor Of Science In Nursing In The Online Fast Lane –
contributed by James Brazen Imagine: A state-of-the-art educational path that leads to a fulfilling career in nursing, streamlined through the power of the internet. This is what an online accelerated BSN program embodies. The allure of diving into the fundamentals…
Learning Math? 25 Of The Best Math Resources
by TeachThought Staff What are the best math resources? Because of the skill-based nature of mathematics in general, math resources pair especially well with digital tools like apps and websites. On these kinds of platforms, accounts can be created, progress…
The Pedagogy Of John Dewey: A Summary
by TeachThought Staff What did John Dewey believe about education? What were his views on experiential and interactive learning and their role in teaching and learning? As always, there’s a lot to understand. John Dewey (1859–1952) developed extraordinarily influential educational…
What Role Does Empathy Play In Learning?
by Terry Heick So much talk about empathy in education recently. Why? What’s the big idea? The role of empathy in learning has to do with the flow of both information and creativity. A dialogic interaction with the world around…
Project-Based Learning In The 21st Century: 8 Needs
by Terry Heick We recently offered a definition of project-based learning and looked at keys to designing Project-Based Learning. We also have looked at the difference between ‘doing projects’ and project-based learning, various project-based learning resources, project-based learning apps, and offered…
Resources For Teaching With Bloom’s Taxonomy
6k Views FacebookTwitterSubscribe Bloom’s Taxonomy was a remarkable attempt to create a system of learning that focuses on how people learn and organize content around those natural aptitudes. Created by Benjamin Bloom in 1956, Bloom’s Taxonomy offered a method and structure…
18 Inconvenient Truths About Assessment Of Learning
by Terry Heick I. In terms of pedagogy, the primary purpose of an assessment is to provide data to revise planned instruction. It should provide an obvious answer to the question, “So? So what? What now?“ II. It’s an extraordinary…
Is French Common in Dubai? –
Is French Common in Dubai? contributed by Lindsey Mayfield In Dubai, a cosmopolitan city known for its cultural diversity and economic dynamism, the French language has a distinct but relatively modest presence, overshadowed by the predominance of Arabic and English. …
Levels Of Integration For Critical Thinking –
A Basic Framework For Teaching Critical Thinking In School by Terrell Heick In What Does Critical Thinking Mean?, we offered that ‘(c)ritical thinking is the suspension of judgment while identifying biases and underlying assumptions to draw accurate conclusions.’ Of course,…
How To Transcribe Interviews (With Examples) –
by TeachThought Staff It’s difficult to remember every key detail during an interview without writing it down—mainly if you’re conducting many interviews quickly. Which candidate had that impressive portfolio? What did that customer say about our product launch? That’s why…
What Are The Grade Levels By Age? –
by TeachThought Staff For a growing child, grade level seems to have very little use. For a child functioning as or in the role of a ‘student,’ it can be vaguely useful to schools to place students and stratify them…
The Best Educational Toys & Gifts
by TeachThought Staff Ed note: The following links are affiliate links. You can read more about our affiliate policy here, but the general premise is that we receive a very small % of revenue from anything you buy via clicking….
Teaching Resources For Teaching Gifted And Talented Students
Resources For The Parents And Teachers Of Gifted And Talented Students by TeachThought Staff National Organizations and Advocacy National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC): Renowned organization offering resources, research, and advocacy for gifted education. They have a website with tip sheets,…
What Is Wondershare Presentory? –
Wonder Share Presentory Is A Simple Tool Create More Engaging Video Presentations For Students Wondershare Presentory: Smarter Presentation, Easier Connection. Cost Standard: Free Premium: $38.40 /year Supported Platforms: Wondershare Presentory is available for Windows; in October or November 2023, a…
20 Guiding Questions For Climate Change –
The classroom’s role in empowering the future climate workforce contributed by Bob Powell, founder and CEO, Brightmark The world is amid a climate crisis that demands urgent action. Around the globe, members of the United Nations are striving toward 17…
Why Education Needs Disruption
by Terry Heick On Collaboration As An Industry Hopefully, we can agree that education–as it exists–isn’t good enough. For students or teachers or communities. It just isn’t. This is a tired argument, but it’s an underlying assumption of this concept: education…
25 Questions To Guide Teaching With Project-Based Learning
by Terry Heick I’ve been thinking of the kinds of questions I consider when planning a project–or planning a unit when students plan a project on their own. There’s a lot to consider here–so much so that 12 isn’t even…
14 Effective Teaching Strategies For Inquiry-Based Learning
by TeachThought Staff Inquiry-based learning is an approach to learning guided by students through questions, research, and/or curiosity. An inquiry-based learning strategy is simply a way to facilitate inquiry during the learning process. It might be useful to think of…
30 Of The Most Popular Trends In Education
Note: The items below have been changed but the graphic itself still needs updating : ) What about the most popular trends in education heading into 2024 specifically? Well, that’s a tricky question. Deciding what’s ‘trending’ is an important part…
40 Of The Most Commonly Misspelled Words –
Common misspellings often arise due to a variety of linguistic and cognitive factors. There are, of course, a range of reasons for this. Like other languages, the English language suffers from/has irregularities and exceptions to its spelling rules. Having borrowed…
8 Steps To Flipped Teacher Professional Development
by Terrell Heick Traditional teacher professional development depends on external training handed down to teachers after having identified their weaknesses as a professional. If you’re not so great at teaching writing, or if assessment is becoming a bigger focus in…
Wendell Berry And ‘The Loss Of The University’ –
by Terry Heick There are a variety of questions that guide my work at TeachThought, each with their own available inferences and underlying assumptions, among them: What should a person know? What should a person do with what they know?…
CapCut Creative Suite for Urban Exploration: Tips for Adventurers –
by TeachThought Staff CapCut Creative Suite is a versatile and comprehensive solution, equipped with a wide array of tools to aid creators in crafting exceptional videos and images. CapCut goes beyond conventional video editing by offering a full-fledged package that…
Using Classroom Coding Lessons With Interactive Platforms –
Using Classroom Coding Lessons With Interactive Platforms by TeachThought Staff In today’s rapidly evolving educational landscape, integrating technology and pedagogy has enabled new learning approaches, including gamification of learning. Imagine a world where traditional classrooms give way to immersive educational…
Four Ways To Support Grieving Students Through Writing –
Four Ways to Support Grieving Students Through Writing contributed by Brittany R. Collins Approximately 700,000 young people in the United States lost a parent during 2020-21, with the COVID-19 pandemic boosting bereavement rates—not only due to the virus, but to…